Fox8-23 AI-Powered Social Bot Dataset (ACM Web 2024)
A Twitter dataset of 2,280 user accounts, 368,028 tweets, collected by Yang and Menczer (OSoMe/Indiana University), 2023. Each record contains user_id, label (bot/human), dataset source, full tweet objects with text and metadata. First large-scale dataset of AI-powered social bots (Fox8 botnet) with GPT-generated tweet content; includes human baseline accounts for comparison.. Suitable for AI bot detection, LLM-generated content identification, social botnet analysis..
Cite this dataset at
osome-fox8-bots.echo.directory
Analytics
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Sampled: text metrics from 50K of 368K records; topic model from 20K.
Record
- Catalog key
osome-fox8-bots- Authors
- Yang, Kaicheng; Menczer, Filippo
- Year
- 2024
- Source paper
- Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet
- DOI / arXiv
- 10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.7
- License
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (CC-BY-4.0)
- Records
- 368,028
- Languages
- de, en, fr
- Collected
- 2023 (2020s)
- Tasks
- Bot detection inferred
- Region
- Global (inferred: the platform is used worldwide)
Provenance
- Originally published at
- https://zenodo.org/records/8035290 link checked
- Hosted copy
- Mirrored on echo.directory on 2026-10-02, 119.1 MB across 1 files. Checksums in MANIFEST.json.
Citations
Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet
Kai-Cheng Yang, F. Menczer
Journal Article · Journal of Quantitative Description Digital Media · 2023
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Show all 10
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M. Tsvetkova, T. Yasseri et al. · Nature Human Behaviour · 2024 · cited 114× - The Persuasive Power of Large Language Models
Simon Martin Breum, Daniel Vaedele Egdal et al. · International Conference on Web and Social Media · 2023 · cited 98× - Nicer Than Humans: How do Large Language Models Behave in the Prisoner's Dilemma?
Nicoló Fontana, F. Pierri et al. · International Conference on Web and Social Media · 2024 · cited 87× - From Chatbots to Phishbots?: Phishing Scam Generation in Commercial Large Language Models
Priyanka Nanayakkara, Hyeok Kim et al. · IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy · 2024 · cited 76× - Fact-checking information from large language models can decrease headline discernment
Matthew R. Deverna, H. Y. Yan et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023 · cited 67×
Citation data from Semantic Scholar, retrieved 2026-10-19.
How to cite
BibTeX
@misc{echo2026,
title = {ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online},
author = {Switzer, Braden and Zafarani, Reza},
year = {2026},
url = {https://echo.directory},
note = {Syracuse University}
}
@article{Yang_2024,
title = {Anatomy of an AI-powered malicious social botnet},
volume = {4},
issn = {2673-8813},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.7},
doi = {10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.7},
journal = {Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media},
publisher = {Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media},
author = {Yang, Kaicheng and Menczer, Filippo},
year = {2024},
month = May
} APA
Switzer, B., & Zafarani, R. (2026). ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online [Data repository]. Syracuse University. https://echo.directory
Yang, K., & Menczer, F. (2024). Fox8-23 AI-Powered Social Bot Dataset (ACM Web 2024) [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.7
MLA
Switzer, Braden, and Reza Zafarani. ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online. Syracuse University, 2026, echo.directory.
Yang, Kaicheng, and Filippo Menczer. Fox8-23 AI-Powered Social Bot Dataset (ACM Web 2024). 2024, doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2024.icwsm.7.